Top 10 Mosques in Istanbul (Beyond the Blue Mosque)

1. Süleymaniye Mosque

What makes it special: Often considered the masterpiece of the legendary Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, the Süleymaniye Mosque complex is a breathtaking example of classical Ottoman architecture. Commissioned by Süleyman the Magnificent, its harmonious proportions, four towering minarets, and a truly serene atmosphere make it a must-visit. From its elevated position, it offers stunning panoramic views of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus. When to visit: Early morning or late afternoon are ideal for fewer crowds and beautiful lighting. Avoid Fridays during midday for congregational prayers. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, visitors are welcome outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Dress modestly (shoulders and knees covered). Women should bring a headscarf. Remove your shoes before entering. Maintain quiet and respect worshippers.

2. Rüstem Pasha Mosque

What makes it special: A hidden gem nestled amidst the bustling streets near the Spice Bazaar, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque is celebrated for its exquisite Iznik tiles. These vibrant, intricately patterned tiles, predominantly in blues, greens, and reds, adorn almost every surface of the interior, creating a dazzling display of Ottoman ceramic art. It’s often called the “mini Blue Mosque” for its tile work, but arguably more impressive due to the sheer quantity and quality. When to visit: Weekday mornings are best to experience its beauty without the weekend crowds. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Modest dress and shoe removal are required. Be mindful of its location above shops, accessed by staircases.

3. Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)

What makes it special: There are two Mihrimah Sultan Mosques in Istanbul, both designed by Mimar Sinan for Süleyman the Magnificent’s beloved daughter, Mihrimah Sultan. The one in Edirnekapı (near the old city walls) is notable for its immense windows and single, slender minaret, which, according to a romantic legend, symbolizes Mimar Sinan’s unrequited love for Mihrimah. Its interior is bright and airy, flooded with light. When to visit: Any time during visiting hours. Its location makes it less crowded than central mosques. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Observe standard mosque etiquette.

4. Fatih Mosque

What makes it special: Standing on one of Istanbul’s seven hills, the Fatih Mosque is a significant imperial mosque built on the site of the former Byzantine Church of the Holy Apostles. Commissioned by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, it represents the transformation of Constantinople into an Ottoman city. While rebuilt after an earthquake in a more Baroque style, it remains an important religious and social hub, embodying the city’s rich history. When to visit: Weekdays are generally less busy. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Standard modest dress code applies.

5. Eyüp Sultan Mosque

What makes it special: Located by the Golden Horn, the Eyüp Sultan Mosque is one of the most sacred sites in Istanbul, as it houses the tomb of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad. It’s a major pilgrimage site and offers a deep insight into Turkish spiritual life. The complex includes beautiful courtyards and the tomb itself, attracting a reverent local crowd. When to visit: Avoid Fridays and religious holidays, as it can be exceptionally crowded. Early mornings are best for a more peaceful experience. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, but be especially respectful of the intense devotion displayed by pilgrims. The tomb itself may have restricted access or viewing hours. Etiquette tips: Be particularly mindful of your attire and demeanor given its sacred status.

6. Yeni Cami (New Mosque)

What makes it special: Dominating the Eminönü waterfront near the Galata Bridge and Spice Bazaar, the Yeni Cami is a grand imperial mosque with a distinctive silhouette. Its interior is adorned with beautiful Iznik tiles and intricate calligraphy. The mosque’s impressive size and bustling surroundings make it a lively experience, with pigeons flocking in its courtyard. When to visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the peak tourist rush, especially as it’s near major markets. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Easy access from public transport, so prepare to remove shoes efficiently.

7. Ortaköy Mosque (Buyuk Mecidiye Mosque)

What makes it special: Perched dramatically on the Bosphorus shoreline, the Ortaköy Mosque is an exquisite example of Ottoman Baroque architecture. Its delicate stone carvings, tall, slender minarets, and large windows create a light and elegant structure. It offers stunning views of the Bosphorus Bridge, making it a popular spot for photography, especially at sunset. When to visit: During daylight hours for photos. Sunset is beautiful but can be crowded. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Popular photo spot, but remember it’s an active place of worship.

8. Şehzade Mosque

What makes it special: Another architectural marvel by Mimar Sinan, the Şehzade Mosque was built for Süleyman the Magnificent in memory of his son, Şehzade Mehmed. It’s often considered Sinan’s “apprentice piece,” showcasing his mastery of central dome architecture. Its perfectly symmetrical design and elegant details make it a serene and beautiful example of early classical Ottoman style. When to visit: Less crowded than the major mosques, so most times are fine, but early morning for peace. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: A peaceful mosque, so maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor.

9. Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque

What makes it special: Situated in the Tophane district, this mosque was built by Mimar Sinan for Kılıç Ali Pasha, a legendary Ottoman admiral. Its design is heavily influenced by Hagia Sophia, featuring a large central dome supported by semi-domes. The mosque complex also includes a madrasa, hammam, and tomb, offering a comprehensive glimpse into Ottoman civic and religious life. Its interior is adorned with stunning Iznik tiles. When to visit: Generally open during daylight hours. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: Modest dress.

10. Atik Valide Mosque

What makes it special: Located on the Asian side in Üsküdar, the Atik Valide Mosque is another impressive complex designed by Mimar Sinan, commissioned by Nurbanu Sultan, the wife of Selim II and mother of Murad III. It’s a large and historically significant complex, including a madrasa, hospital, soup kitchen, and bathhouse, demonstrating the comprehensive nature of Ottoman imperial mosque foundations. Its peaceful atmosphere and beautiful architecture make it well worth the journey across the Bosphorus. When to visit: Weekdays are best for a quieter visit. Non-Muslims welcome? Yes, outside of prayer times. Etiquette tips: As it’s less frequented by tourists, be extra mindful of local customs and dress respectfully.

General Etiquette Tips for Visiting Mosques:

• Dress Modestly: Both men and women should ensure their shoulders and knees are covered. For women, a headscarf is required. Larger, more tourist-focused mosques often provide scarves and wraps if needed, but it’s best to bring your own.
• Remove Shoes: Always remove your shoes before entering the prayer hall. There are designated shoe racks or areas at the entrance.
• Be Quiet and Respectful: Mosques are places of worship. Keep your voice down, avoid loud conversations, and do not disturb those who are praying.
• Visit Outside Prayer Times: Mosques close to visitors during prayer times (five times a day, varying with the sun’s position). Check prayer schedules (easily found online or posted outside mosques) and plan your visit accordingly. Friday midday is also a time for congregational prayer, so expect it to be very busy or closed to visitors.
• Photography: Photography is generally allowed, but avoid taking photos of people praying without their permission. Turn off your flash.
• Entrance Fee: Entrance to mosques is typically free, but donations for upkeep are always appreciated.

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